Has the 4th industrial revolution just begun, or has it concluded, propelling us towards Industry 5.0 and beyond?
The 4th Industrial Revolution The 4th Industrial Revolution, popularized by Klaus Schwab in 2016, heralded a revolutionary era of technologies encompassing cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and robotics. However, the term Industry 4.0 or “Industrie 4.0,” with its origins in Germany dating back to 2011, prompts reflection on…